Dialectology
Ayoub Ansari; Arezu Najafian; Mohammadreza Ahmadkhani
Abstract
In this paper, the plural morpheme, its allomorphs and the morphonological processes resulting from its connection to nominal stems have been investigated in Mamasani Lori dialect based on the framework of optimality approach. The research method was analytical- descriptive and the method of data collection ...
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In this paper, the plural morpheme, its allomorphs and the morphonological processes resulting from its connection to nominal stems have been investigated in Mamasani Lori dialect based on the framework of optimality approach. The research method was analytical- descriptive and the method of data collection is a field study. The results showed that connection of the plural /-æl/ to the singular nominal stems ending in consonant is accompanied by a process of re-syllabification, which indicates that the ALIGN-R constraint is violated to satisfy the ONSET constraint. In the hiatus context of the vowels of nouns ending in /jæ/ and /-æl/, first the insertion process of intrusive consonant /j/ is occurred, then during the dissimilation process and OCP constraint, deletion process is taken place. In this study, the glide /j/ is the underlying intrusive consonant, which is changed in to its allophones /w/, /-ɟ/ and /n/. Some noun stems ending in /æ/ are assimilated to the intrusive consonant /j/ and changed to the vowel /ɪ/. In some others, in order to differentiate semantically in homonymous words, the optimal approach of Lexically-accessed Constraints was used. In these contexts, HIATUS, ONSET and NUC have the highest rankings.
Language Contact and Conflict
B. Abbasi; A. Najafian
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 57-74
Abstract
Hawrami, a member of Gurani-Hawrami-Zaza language family, is a North-Western Iranian language. Many scholars consider Hawrami as a member of Kurdish languages (or dialects) but this is a controversial issue and structural differences between Hawrami and other Kurdish dialects have deepened this controversy. ...
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Hawrami, a member of Gurani-Hawrami-Zaza language family, is a North-Western Iranian language. Many scholars consider Hawrami as a member of Kurdish languages (or dialects) but this is a controversial issue and structural differences between Hawrami and other Kurdish dialects have deepened this controversy. One of the differences is Hawrami’s complex system of Tense-Mood-Aspect (TMA), which this study aims to describe. A corpus of sound files and transcribed notes from NORM speakers of Hawrami living in Paveh has been used for this study. Analyses showed that TMA in Hawrami verbs consists of two tenses, past and present; five aspects including perfective, progressive imperfective, non-progressive imperfective, perfect and non-perfect ones; five moods including indicative, indicative/injunctive, subjunctive, imperative and conditional/optative ones. It was also revealed that, in Hawrami, perfective and imperfective aspects exist along with perfect and non-perfect ones. These possibilities together constitute 17 different categories, four of which in present tense and 13 others in the past. Besides, we found that Hawrami is mostly an ergative language, as 11 out of 17 TMA categories of this language have ergative case marking system. Ergative system characterizes itself with object agreement and adding some special pronoun clitics to the verbs.
